Control statements are also called as decision making control structures . These controls are used to take decisions according to condition .
1. If statement :
Syntax:
if(condition)
{
statement1;
statement2;
}
Example :
#include<stadio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int a=10;
if(a==10)
{
printf("Value is equal");
getch();
}
2. If-else :
It is used to take decision from one or multiple conditions .
Syntax :
if(condition){statements;}else{statements;}
Example :
#include<stadio.h>#include<conio.h>void main(){int a,b;printf("Enter Value for a ");scanf("%d",&a);printf("Enter value for b");scanf("%d",&b);if(a>b){printf("a is greater");}else{printf("b is greater");}getch();}
3. Nested if-else :
One if statement is used inside another is called as nested if-else . It used to execute multiple statements.
Syntax:
if(condition)
{
if(condition)
{
statements;
}
}
else
{
statements;
}
Example :
#include<stadio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int a=10;
if(a<100)
{
if(a==10)
{
printf("value is equal");
}
else
{
printf("value is not equal");
}
else
{
printf("value is greater than 100");
}
getch();
}
while loop :
It is an control structure used to execute or print multiple values at a time .
Syntax :
while(condtion)
{
statement;
increment/decrement;
}
Example :
Q. Write c program to print 1 to 10 values using while loop
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int t=1;
while(t<=10)
{
printf("%d\t",t);
t++;
}
printf("\n");
getch();
}
Output :
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
do while loop :
do while is bottom tested or exit controlled loop which executes the condition after executing the statements .
Syntax :
do{statements;increment/decrement;}while(condition){statements;}
Example :
print 1 to 15 numbers using do while loop
#include<stadio.h>#include<conio.h>void main(){int i=1;do{printf("\n%d",i);i++;}while(i<=15){}getch();}
for loop :
It is also an control structure used for iteration and can print multiple values at a time .
Syntax :
for(variable=initialization;condition;increment/decrement)
{
statement;
}
Example :
Q. Write a c program to print 1 to 10 values using for loop
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int t;
for(t=1;t<=10;t++)
{
printf("Values are : %d\t",t);
}
getch();
}
Output :
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
break statement :
It is used inside loop and switch statement . It is used to terminate an loop.
Syntax :
break;
Example :
Q. Write a c program to execute break statement .
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int n;
for(n=1;n<=5;n++)
{
if(n==3)
{
printf("It is an break");
break;
}
printf("Numbers are : %d\n",n);
}
printf("Out of for loop");
getch();
Output :
Numbers are : 1
Numbers are : 2
It is an break statement
Out of for loop
continue statement :
This statement is used to go for next iteration after skipping some part of loop
Syntax:
continue;
Example :
Q. Write c program to execute continue statement.
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int n;
for(t=1;t<=10;t++)
{
if(t==5)
{
printf("Continue statement ");
continue;
}
printf("Numbers are : %d\n",t);
}
printf("Out of for loop\n");
getch();
}
switch statement :
This is an multi-directional conditional control statement .
In this we cam give cases according to choice .
Example :
Q. Write c program to execute switch statement
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int topper;
printf("Enter which student no you want to be topper : ");
scanf("%d",&topper);
switch(topper)
{
case1:
printf("Suchita\n");
case2:
printf("Darshan\n");
case3:
printf("Manisha\n");
default:
printf("Wrong choice\n");
}
}
getch();
}