Tprograming

Note : To do python programming or to run python programs please use Software Python IDLE 2 OR Python IDLE 3 for new learners .
Tprograming suggest these two IDLE'S for better and easy performance .
You can use Visual Code also.

Difference between Programming language and Scripting language :-

What are Gluing existing applications ?

A script that glues existing components to form a new application which needs a Graphical User Interface (GUI) , is an gluing existing application .
There are two ways to build gluing existing applications .
i.e first is launch stand-alone programs and let such programs communicate through files and
second is making the script call functions in the applications .

Impactful / productive pairs of programming languages :-

Java & JavaScript
PHP & Java
C & C++
Unix & C

Features of Python :-

Object - oriented
Class & object
Code - reusability
simple
easy to learn
Big standard library
Scalable
Portable
Dynamic
GUI programming
Database
Interactive

Applications of Python :

Web applications
Software development
Business applications
Console based applications
GUI based desktop applications
Scientific and numeric applications
3D CAD applications
Enterprise applications
Education

Limitations / Disadvantages of Python :-

Weak for mobile programming
More Runtime error
More memory occupation
Slow speed
Hard to use in another languages
Difficult GUI programming

Implementations of Python :-

JPython :Written in Java
CPython : Written in C
IornPython : Written in C#
RubyPython : Wriiten in Ruby
Brython : Written for browser python
MicroPython : Written microcontroller

Python file Extensions :-

py: The normal extension for a Python source file, regular script.
pyc: The compiled bytecode.
pyd: A Windows DLL file.
pyo: A file created with optimizations.
pyw: Python script for Windows.
pyz: Python script archive.

Python identifiers :-

A python identifier is the name used to identify a variable , function , class , module or other object .
valid identifiers : abc , salary_2022 , Empsalary

Rules for Writing identifiers :-

· Identifiers can be a combination of letters in lowercase (a to 2) or uppercase (A to Z) or digits (0 to 9) or an underscore). Names like myClass, var 1 and print this to screen, all are valid example

· An identifier cannot start with a digit. 1variable is invalid, but variable is perfectly fine.

· Keywords cannot be used as identifiers.

· Python does not allow punctuation characters such as [#, @, $, and % within identifiers.

· Spaces are not allowed as part of an identifier.

· Identifier can be of any length.

· Python is a case sensitive programming language. That means Name and name are two different identifiers in Python.

Python keywords :-

Python keywords are reserved word or pre-defined words or system defined words are used to write a program with its specific use .

Data Types : Data types are used to show which type of data we are using in a program .

There are main 7 main daa types of python :

int : used to store integers lie 1 2 3
float : used to store single decimal integers like 1.2 3.4 35.9
boolean : used to show value i terms of true or false
Strings : used to store characters
tuple : ordered immutable sequence of values
list : ordered mutable sequence of values
dictionary : unordered paires of values

Comments in Python :-

Single line comment :

Example : #This is single line comment in Tprograming.com

Multi-line comment :

Example : """This is multi line comment inTprograming.com

Indentations in Python :-

Python provides no braces to indicate blocks of code for class and function definitions or flow control. Blocks of code are denoted by line indentation, which is rigidly enforced.

The number of spaces in the indentation is variable, but all statements within the block must be indented the same amount.

Example :

if(t>0)
print("t")
else
print("No t")

Input / Output function inpython :-

Output function : print() - used to print any message or output

Example :

>>>t=25
>>>print('Value of t is ',t)

Output : Value of t is 25

Input() function : It is used to accept value from user

Example :

>>>t=input('Enter value for t : ')
>>>print('Value of a is : 't)

Output :

Enter value for t : 5

Value of t is : 5

Example :

print (1,2,3,4)

print(3,2,3,4,sep="*)

print(1,2,3,4,sep="",end-'&')

Output :

  1 2 3 4

               1*2*3*4

               1#2#3#4&

How to format output ?

str.format() : We can format our output using this function

example 1 :
p=20
q=40
print("value of p is () and value of q is ()".format(p,q))
Output :
value of p is 10 and value of q is 40
Example 2 :
print("my name is {0} and my founder name is {1}".format("Tprograming","Darshan"))
Output :
my name is Tprograming and my founder name is Darshan

eval() function :-

It is used for calculations .
Example :
>>>eval(5+6)
Output : 11

Command line arguments in python :
In python command line arguments are used to pass input at run time

There are main basic three options to read command line arguments in python

Python getopt module
Python sys.argv
Python argparse module

1. Python getopt module :

Syntax/Example :

import getopt
import sys
argv sys.argv[1:]
try:
opts,args=getopt.getopt(argv,'hm:d',['help,my_file='])
print(opts)
print(args)
print("something went wrong")
sys.exit(2)

2. python sys.argv : This module stores arguments in the form of list
syntax/example :

import sys
                     print('Arguments:, len(sys.argv))
                     print("List:, str(sys.argv))
                     if sys.argve 2
                           print('To few arguments, please specify a filename")
                     filename = sys.argv[1]
                     print("Filename: filename)

3. python argparse module :

syntax/example :

import argparse
                         parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
                         # define the various command-line options
                          parser add argument(‘-0’, ‘--open-file', help= ‘Description', required=False)
                          parser.add_argument(‘-s’,‘--save-File’, help= ‘Description', required=False)
                          args = parser.parse_args()
                           print(args.open_file)
                           print(args.save_file)

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