Tprograming

Arrays :

Array is an concept for storage and printing purpose.
Array is an collection of similar data types which referred by unique name .
One variable can store only one value at time but if we want to store multiple values of same data type at same time , then we can use concept array .
Depending upon size of array , it has two types .

Types of array :

Types of array are depend upon number of subscripts []

One dimensional array :

The array which has only one subscript is called as one dimensional array .

Syntax :

data_type array_name[size]={elements};

Example :

int tp[5]={1,2,3,4,5,6};

Q. Write c++ program to print one dimensional array

#include<iostream.h>
void main()
{
int t,arr[4];
cout<<"enter values for array";
for(t=0;t<4;t++)
cin>>arr[t];
cout<<"Array is : ",arr[t]<<endl;
getch();
}

Two dimensional array :

It is also called as matrix .
The array which has two subscripts is called as two dimensional array .
In this array first subscript is for row and second is for columns ;

Syntax :

data_type array_name[ROW][COL]={elements};

Example :

data_type array_name[2][2]={{1,2},{3,4}};

Q, Write a c++ program for addition of two matrices

#include<iostream.h>
void main()
{
int t,p,mat1[2][2],mat2[t][p],mat3[2][2];
cout<<"Enter elements for mat1 :";
for(t=0;t<2;t++)
for(p=0;p<2;p++)
cin>>mat1[t][p];
cout<<"Enter elements for mat2 :";
for(t=0;t<2;t++)
for(p=0;p<2;p++)
cin>>mat2[t][p];
cout<<"Addition is :"
for(t=0;t<2;t++)
{
for(p=0;p<2;p++)
mat3[t][p]=mat1[t][p]+mat2[t][p];
}
}

Structure :

It is an array of different data types or collection of different data types .
We can store multiple elements at a time .

Syntax :

struct structure_name
{
             Datatype member1:
             Datatype member2;
            …………
}; // object for structure class is created here .

Example :

struct student
{
int rollno;
char name[10];
float marks;
};

Q. Write a c++ program to print student data using structure .

#include<iostream.h>
Struct student
{
int rollno;
char name[10];
float marks;
};
void main()
student s1;
cout<<”enter data of student:\n”;
cout<<”roll number:”;
cin>>s1.rollno;
cout<<”name”;
cin>>s1.name;
cout<<”marks”;
cin>>s1.marks;
cout<<”student details\n”;
cout<<”roll number:”<<s1.rollno<<endl;
cout<<”name:”<<s1.name<<endl;
cout<<”marks:”<<s1.marks<<endl;
}

Output:
Enter data of student
Roll number: 01
Name: tprograming
Marks: 98
Student details
Roll number: 01
Name: tprograming
Marks: 98

Class declarations :

class class_name
(
private:
variables declarations;
function declarations
public:
variables declarations;
function declarations;
};

Example :

#include<iostream.h>
class stud
{
private:
int rollno;
char name[20];
public:
void getdata()
{
cout<<"Enter roll number of student:";
cin>>rollno;
cout<<"Enter name of student”;
cin>>name;
}
void putdata()
{
cout<<"Roll Number: "<<rollno<<endl;
cout<<"Name:"<<name<<endl;
}
};
void main()
{
stud s1;
s1.getdata();
s1.putdata():
}

Output:

Enter roll number of student: 01
Enter name of student: Mohini
Roll Number: 01
Name: Mohini

Example : by passing arguments

#include<string.h>
#include<iostream.h>
class student
{
private:
int rollno;
char name[20];
public:
void setdata(int rno, char *na)
{
rollno =rno;
strcpy(name,na);
}
Void putdata()
{
cout<<"Roll Number: "<<rollno<<endl;
cout<<"Name:"<<name<<endl;
}
};
void main()
{
student s1;
s1. setdata(301,"Vinod");
s1.putdata();
}

Output

Roll Number: 01
Name: tprograming

Constructors :

It is used to initialize an object .
Constructors are used pass values .
Constructor name and class name are always same .

Default constructor -
It is an empty constructor which didn't passes parameters inside it .

Example :

#include<iostream.h>
#include<string.h>
class student
{
private:
int rollno,
char name[20];
public:
student() //default constructor
{
rollno=01;
strcpy(name, "Tprograming");
}
void putdata()
{
cout<<"Roll Number:"<<rollno<<endl;

cout<<"Name:"<<<name<<endl;
}
};
void main()
{
student s1;
cout<<"Values due to constructors: "<<endl;
s1.putdata():
}

Output:

Values due to constructors:
Roll Number: 01
Name: Tprograming

Parameterized constructor / Overloaded constructor :

A constructor having parameters is called as parameterized constructor .
A class can have more than one constructors is called as overloaded constructor .
Syntax :

constructor_name(Parameter_list)
{
}

Example :

Q. Write c++ program to demonstrate Parameterized or Overloaded constructor .

#include<iostream.h>
#include<string.h>
class student
{
private:
int rollno;
char name[20];
public:
student() //default constructor
{
}
student(int rno,char tname[]) //parameterized constructor
{
rollno=rno;
strcpy(name.tname);
}
void getdata()
{
cout<<"Enter your rollno : ";
cin>>rollno;
cout<<"Enter your name : ";
cin>>name;
}
void putdata()
{
cout<<"Roll Number : "<<rollno<<endl;
cout<<"Name : "<<name<<endl;
}
};
void main()
{
student s1("Tprograming",01);
student s2;
s2.getdata();
cout<<"Date of first student : \n";
s1.putdata();
cout<<"Data of second student : \n";
s2.putdata();
}

Copy constructor :

It is used to make copy of one object from another .
& symbol is used to give reference of copy constructor .
Syntax:

constructor_name(const class_name &variable);

Example :

#include<iostream.h>
class student
{
private:
int age;
char name[20];
public:
student()
{
}
student(int tage,char tname[])
{
age=tage;
strcpy(name.tname);
}
student(const student &x)
{
age=x.age;
strcpy(name,x.name);
}
void putdata()
{
cout<<"Name : "<<name;
cout<<"Age : "<<age;
}
void main()
{
student s1;
cout<<"Object created by default constructor : ";
s1.display();
student s2("Tprograming",21);
cout<<"Object created by parameterized constructor : ";
s2.display();
student s3(s2);
cout<<"Object created with object as parameter :";
student s3.display;
}

Q.What is static data class ?

Static keyword is used here .
Only one copy of object is created for entire class and it shared by all other members.
Example :

#include<iostream.h>
class tpro
{
private:
static int no;
int num;
public:
void getdata(int a)
{
num=a;
no++;
}
void showcount()
{
cout<<"no="<<no<<endl;
}
};
int number::no;
void main()
{
number n1,n2;
n1.showcount();
n2.showcount();
n1.getdata();
n2.getdata();
cout<<"values : "<<endl;
n1.showcount();
n2.showcount();
}

String :

Let's learn it .
a=10
In the above line we have stored only one value in variable a .
If we want to store multiple values at a time then we have option array .
String is an array of characters or collection of characters .
Syntax :

char string_name[size]='' characters"
char string_name[size]={'a','b','c'};

Example :

#include<iostream.h>
void main()
{
char name[50];
cout<<"Enter your name : ";
cin>>name;
cout<<"Name is : "name<<endl
}

Q. What is reading embedded blanks in c++?

The insertion operator >> is used to read data.
If we want to skip it we used cin.get() function and this is called reading embedded blanks .

Example :

#include<iostream.h>
const int MAX=80
void main()
{
char str[MAX];
cout<<"Enter string : "
cin.get(str,MAX);
cout<<"string : "<<st;
}

Main

Arrays :

One dimensional array :

Q. Write c++ program to print one dimensional array

Two dimensional array :

Q, Write a c++ program for addition of two matrices

Structure :

Q. Write a c++ program to print student data using structure .

Class declarations :

Example : by passing arguments

Constructors :

Default constructor -

Parameterized constructor / Overloaded constructor :

Q. Write c++ program to demonstrate Parameterized or Overloaded constructor .

Copy constructor :

Q.What is static data class ?

String :

Q. What is reading embedded blanks in c++?